Modify rule S3416: add C# and VB.NET (#2528)

* Modify rule S3416: add C# and VB.NET

* Add logging frameworks to the list of allowed frameworks

* Reverse adding logging frameworks

* Fix issues from adoc validation

* Review 1

* Fix tabbing

* Review 2

* Add list of supported frameworks

* Missed renames

* Add 'logging' tag

* Remove VB.NET

* Fix a minor typo

---------

Co-authored-by: Gregory Paidis <gregory.paidis@sonarsource.com>
Co-authored-by: Gregory Paidis <115458417+gregory-paidis-sonarsource@users.noreply.github.com>

rules/S3416/comments-and-links.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+== Comments And Links
+(visible only on this page)
+
+=== on 25 Nov 2015, 09:22:38 Freddy Mallet wrote:
+See my comment on relating Google Group thread [~ann.campbell.2]: \https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer#!msg/sonarqube/7DGhtbqRsHk/j2rDIp6dAwAJ
+
+=== on 7 Jun 2018, 14:17:52 Andrei Epure wrote:
+Also requested in \https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email#!topic/sonarqube/qCK_pZJ7G_Q
+
+

rules/S3416/csharp/how.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+== How to fix it
+
+When the logger name is defined by a generic type parameter:
+
+[source,csharp]
+----
+class EnclosingType
+{
+    private readonly ILogger logger;
+
+    public EnclosingType(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
+    {
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<AnotherType>();   // Noncompliant
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<EnclosingType>(); // Compliant
+    }
+}
+----
+
+When the logger name is defined by an input parameter of type `Type`:
+
+[source,csharp]
+----
+class EnclosingType
+{
+    private readonly ILogger logger;
+
+    public EnclosingType(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
+    {
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(typeof(AnotherType));   // Noncompliant
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(typeof(EnclosingType)); // Compliant
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(GetType());             // Compliant
+    }
+}
+----
+
+When the logger name is a string, derived from a `Type`:
+
+[source,csharp]
+----
+class EnclosingType
+{
+    private readonly ILogger logger;
+
+    public EnclosingType(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
+    {
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(typeof(AnotherType).Name);       // Noncompliant        
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(typeof(AnotherType).FullName);   // Noncompliant
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(nameof(AnotherType));            // Noncompliant
+        // Fix by referring to the right type
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(typeof(EnclosingType).Name);     // Compliant
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(typeof(EnclosingType).FullName); // Compliant
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(nameof(EnclosingType));          // Compliant
+        // or by retrieving the right type dynamically
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(GetType().FullName);             // Compliant
+    }
+}
+----
+

rules/S3416/csharp/metadata.json

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "title": "Loggers should be named for their enclosing types",
+  "quickfix": "targeted"
+}

rules/S3416/csharp/rule.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+:language: csharp
+
+include::../rule-dotnet.adoc[]

rules/S3416/csharp/why-code-example.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[source,csharp]
+----
+class EnclosingType
+{
+    private readonly ILogger logger;
+
+    public EnclosingType(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
+    {
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<AnotherType>();   // Noncompliant
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<EnclosingType>(); // Compliant
+    }
+}
+----

rules/S3416/csharp/why-exception-example.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[source,csharp]
+----
+class EnclosingType
+{
+    private readonly ILogger logger;
+
+    EnclosingType(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
+    {
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger("My cross-type logging category");   // Compliant
+        logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(AComplexLogicToFindTheRightType());  // Compliant
+    }
+}
+----

rules/S3416/java/metadata.json

@@ -1,34 +1,2 @@
 {
-  "title": "Loggers should be named for their enclosing classes",
-  "type": "CODE_SMELL",
-  "code": {
-    "impacts": {
-      "MAINTAINABILITY": "LOW"
-    },
-    "attribute": "IDENTIFIABLE"
-  },
-  "status": "ready",
-  "remediation": {
-    "func": "Constant\/Issue",
-    "constantCost": "5min"
-  },
-  "tags": [
-    "confusing"
-  ],
-  "extra": {
-    "replacementRules": [
-
-    ],
-    "legacyKeys": [
-
-    ]
-  },
-  "defaultSeverity": "Minor",
-  "ruleSpecification": "RSPEC-3416",
-  "sqKey": "S3416",
-  "scope": "Main",
-  "defaultQualityProfiles": [
-    "Sonar way"
-  ],
-  "quickfix": "unknown"
-}
+}

rules/S3416/java/rule.adoc

@@ -36,20 +36,12 @@ ifdef::env-github,rspecator-view[]
 
 Update this logger to use the current class.
 
-
 === Highlighting
 
 Xxx.class
 
-
 '''
-== Comments And Links
-(visible only on this page)
 
-=== on 25 Nov 2015, 09:22:38 Freddy Mallet wrote:
-See my comment on relating Google Group thread [~ann.campbell.2]: \https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer#!msg/sonarqube/7DGhtbqRsHk/j2rDIp6dAwAJ
-
-=== on 7 Jun 2018, 14:17:52 Andrei Epure wrote:
-Also requested in \https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email#!topic/sonarqube/qCK_pZJ7G_Q
+include::../comments-and-links.adoc[]
 
 endif::env-github,rspecator-view[]

rules/S3416/metadata.json

@@ -1,2 +1,33 @@
 {
+    "title": "Loggers should be named for their enclosing classes",
+    "type": "CODE_SMELL",
+    "status": "ready",
+    "code": {
+      "impacts": {
+        "MAINTAINABILITY": "LOW"
+      },
+      "attribute": "IDENTIFIABLE"
+    },
+    "remediation": {
+      "func": "Constant\/Issue",
+      "constantCost": "5min"
+    },
+    "tags": [
+      "confusing",
+      "logging"
+    ],
+    "extra": {
+      "replacementRules": [
+      ],
+      "legacyKeys": [
+      ]
+    },
+    "defaultSeverity": "Minor",
+    "ruleSpecification": "RSPEC-3416",
+    "sqKey": "S3416",
+    "scope": "Main",
+    "defaultQualityProfiles": [
+      "Sonar way"
+    ],
+    "quickfix": "unknown"
 }

rules/S3416/rspecator-dotnet.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+ifdef::env-github,rspecator-view[]
+
+'''
+== Implementation Specification
+(visible only on this page)
+
+=== Message
+
+Update this logger to use its enclosing type.
+
+=== Highlighting
+
+XXX | typeof(XXX) | typeof(XXX).FullName
+
+'''
+== Comments And Links
+(visible only on this page)
+
+include::comments-and-links.adoc[]
+
+endif::env-github,rspecator-view[]

rules/S3416/rule-dotnet.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+== Why is this an issue?
+
+It is a well-established convention to name each logger after its enclosing type. This rule raises an issue when the convention is not respected.
+
+include::{language}/why-code-example.adoc[]
+
+Not following such a convention can result in confusion and logging misconfiguration. 
+
+For example, the person configuring the log may attempt to change the logging behavior for the `MyNamespace.EnclosingType` type, by overriding defaults for the logger named after that type.
+
+[source,json]
+----
+{
+    "Logging": {
+        "LogLevel": {
+            "Default": "Error",
+            "MyNamespace.EnclosingType": "Debug"
+        }
+    }
+}
+----
+
+However, if the convention is not in place, the override would not affect logs from `MyNamespace.EnclosingType`, since they are made via a logger with a different name.
+
+Moreover, using the same logger name for multiple types prevents the granular configuration of each type's logger, since there is no way to distinguish them in configuration.
+
+The rule targets the following logging frameworks:
+* https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/extensions/logging[Microsoft Extensions Logging]
+* https://logging.apache.org/log4net/[Apache log4net]
+* https://nlog-project.org/[NLog]
+
+=== Exceptions
+
+The rule doesn't raise issues when custom handling of logging names is in place, and the logger name is not derived from a `Type`.
+
+include::{language}/why-exception-example.adoc[]
+
+include::{language}/how.adoc[]
+
+== Resources
+
+=== Documentation
+
+* Microsoft Learn - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/diagnostics/logging-tracing[.NET logging and tracing]
+* Microsoft Learn - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/extensions/logging?tabs=command-line#log-category[Logging in C# and .NET - Log category]
+* Microsoft Learn - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/extensions/logging?tabs=command-line#configure-logging[Logging in C# and .NET - Configure logging]
+* Microsoft Learn - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.ilogger-1[ILogger<TCategoryName> Interface]
+* Apache Logging - https://logging.apache.org/log4net/[Apache log4net]
+* NLog - https://nlog-project.org/[Flexible & free open-source logging for .NET]
+
+=== Articles & blog posts
+
+* Raygun Blog - https://raygun.com/blog/c-sharp-logging-best-practices/[C# logging: Best practices in 2023 with examples and tools]
+* Apache Logging - https://logging.apache.org/log4net/release/manual/configuration.html[Apache log4net Manual - Configuration]
+* GitHub NLog repository - https://github.com/nlog/nlog/wiki/Tutorial#best-practices-for-using-nlog[Best practices for using NLog]
+
+include::rspecator-dotnet.adoc[]