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== Sensitive Code Example

----
public User getUser(Connection con, String user) throws SQLException {

  Statement stmt1 = null;
  Statement stmt2 = null;
  PreparedStatement pstmt;
  try {
    stmt1 = con.createStatement();
    ResultSet rs1 = stmt1.executeQuery("GETDATE()"); // No issue; hardcoded query

    stmt2 = con.createStatement();
    ResultSet rs2 = stmt2.executeQuery("select FNAME, LNAME, SSN " +
                 "from USERS where UNAME=" + user);  // Sensitive

    pstmt = con.prepareStatement("select FNAME, LNAME, SSN " +
                 "from USERS where UNAME=" + user);  // Sensitive
    ResultSet rs3 = pstmt.executeQuery();

    //...
}

public User getUserHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session, String data) {

  org.hibernate.Query query = session.createQuery(
            "FROM students where fname = " + data);  // Sensitive
  // ...
}
----

== Compliant Solution

----
public User getUser(Connection con, String user) throws SQLException {

  Statement stmt1 = null;
  PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
  String query = "select FNAME, LNAME, SSN " +
                 "from USERS where UNAME=?"
  try {
    stmt1 = con.createStatement();
    ResultSet rs1 = stmt1.executeQuery("GETDATE()");

    pstmt = con.prepareStatement(query);
    pstmt.setString(1, user);  // Good; PreparedStatements escape their inputs.
    ResultSet rs2 = pstmt.executeQuery();

    //...
  }
}

public User getUserHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session, String data) {

  org.hibernate.Query query =  session.createQuery("FROM students where fname = ?");
  query = query.setParameter(0,data);  // Good; Parameter binding escapes all input

  org.hibernate.Query query2 =  session.createQuery("FROM students where fname = " + data); // Sensitive
  // ...
----

== See

* https://owasp.org/Top10/A03_2021-Injection/[OWASP Top 10 2021 Category A3] - Injection
* https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10-2017_A1-Injection[OWASP Top 10 2017 Category A1] - Injection
* https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/89.html[MITRE, CWE-89] - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
* https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html[MITRE, CWE-564] - SQL Injection: Hibernate
* https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html[MITRE, CWE-20] - Improper Input Validation
* https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/943.html[MITRE, CWE-943] - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
* https://wiki.sei.cmu.edu/confluence/x/ITdGBQ[CERT, IDS00-J.] - Prevent SQL injection
* https://www.sans.org/top25-software-errors/#cat1[SANS Top 25] - Insecure Interaction Between Components
* Derived from FindSecBugs rules https://h3xstream.github.io/find-sec-bugs/bugs.htm#SQL_INJECTION_JPA[Potential SQL/JPQL Injection (JPA)], https://h3xstream.github.io/find-sec-bugs/bugs.htm#SQL_INJECTION_JDO[Potential SQL/JDOQL Injection (JDO)], https://h3xstream.github.io/find-sec-bugs/bugs.htm#SQL_INJECTION_HIBERNATE[Potential SQL/HQL Injection (Hibernate)] 

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== Comments And Links
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