== How to fix it in Python Standard Library

=== Code examples

include::../../common/fix/code-rationale.adoc[]

Especially, in this example, if the *host* request parameter contains system
shell control characters, the expected `ping` command behavior will be changed.

==== Noncompliant code example

[source,python,diff-id=11,diff-type=noncompliant]
----
from flask import Flask, request
import os

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/example')
def example():
    host = request.args.get("host", "www.google.com")

    status = os.system("ping -c 1 %s" % host) # Noncompliant
    return str(status == 0)
----

==== Compliant solution

[source,python,diff-id=11,diff-type=compliant]
----
from flask import Flask, request
import os

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/example')
def example():
    host = request.args.get("host", "www.google.com")

    status = subprocess.run(["ping", "-c", "1", "--", host]).returncode
    return str(status == 0)
----

=== How does this work?

include::../../common/fix/introduction.adoc[]

include::../../common/fix/pre-approved-list.adoc[]

:sanitizationLib: subprocess

include::../../common/fix/sanitize-meta-characters.adoc[]

In the example compliant code, using the `subprocess.run` function helps to
escape the passed arguments. It accepts a list of command arguments that will
be properly escaped and concatenated to form the command line to execute.

include::../../common/fix/shell_integration.adoc[]

In the example compliant code, using the `subprocess` module's functions is
preferred over older alternative as the `os` or `popen` modules. Indeed,
`subprocess`, while still a dangerous library, disables the system shell's
syntax interpretation by default.