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== Why is this an issue?
Concatenating multiple string literals or strings using the `+` operator creates a new string object for each concatenation. This can lead to a large number of intermediate string objects and can be inefficient. The `StringBuilder` class is more efficient than string concatenation, especially when the operator is repeated over and over as in loops.
== How to fix it
Replace string concatenation with `StringBuilder`.
=== Code examples
==== Noncompliant code example
[source,csharp,diff-id=1,diff-type=noncompliant]
----
string str = "";
for (int i = 0; i < arrayOfStrings.Length ; ++i)
{
str = str + arrayOfStrings[i];
}
----
==== Compliant solution
[source,csharp,diff-id=1,diff-type=compliant]
----
StringBuilder bld = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < arrayOfStrings.Length; ++i)
{
bld.Append(arrayOfStrings[i]);
}
string str = bld.ToString();
----
== Resources
=== Documentation
* Microsoft Learn - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.text.stringbuilder[StringBuilder Class]
=== Benchmarks
[options="header"]
|===
| Method | Runtime | Mean | Standard Deviation | Allocated
| StringConcatenation | .NET 9.0 | 50,530.75 us | 2,699.189 us | 586280.70 KB
| StringBuilder | .NET 9.0 | 82.31 us | 3.387 us | 243.79 KB
| StringConcatenation | .NET Framework 4.8.1 | 37,453.72 us | 1,543.051 us | 586450.38 KB
| StringBuilder | .NET Framework 4.8.1 | 178.32 us | 6.148 us | 244.15 KB
|===
==== Glossary
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_mean[Mean]
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation[Standard Deviation]
The results were generated by running the following snippet with https://github.com/dotnet/BenchmarkDotNet[BenchmarkDotNet]:
[source,csharp]
----
[Params(10_000)]
public int Iterations;
[Benchmark]
public void StringConcatenation()
{
string str = "";
for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; i++)
{
str = str + "append";
}
}
[Benchmark]
public void StringBuilder()
{
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; i++)
{
builder.Append("append");
}
_ = builder.ToString();
}
----
Hardware Configuration:
[source]
----
BenchmarkDotNet v0.14.0, Windows 10 (10.0.19045.5247/22H2/2022Update)
12th Gen Intel Core i7-12800H, 1 CPU, 20 logical and 14 physical cores
[Host] : .NET Framework 4.8.1 (4.8.9282.0), X64 RyuJIT VectorSize=256
.NET 9.0 : .NET 9.0.0 (9.0.24.52809), X64 RyuJIT AVX2
.NET Framework 4.8.1 : .NET Framework 4.8.1 (4.8.9282.0), X64 RyuJIT VectorSize=256
----
ifdef::env-github,rspecator-view[]
'''
== Implementation Specification
(visible only on this page)
include::../message.adoc[]
'''
== Comments And Links
(visible only on this page)
include::../comments-and-links.adoc[]
endif::env-github,rspecator-view[]