rspec/rules/S4035/csharp/rule.adoc
2024-01-24 12:00:02 +01:00

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== Why is this an issue?
When a class implements the `IEquatable<T>` interface, it enters a contract that, in effect, states "I know how to compare two instances of type T or any type derived from T for equality.". However if that class is derived, it is very unlikely that the base class will know how to make a meaningful comparison. Therefore that implicit contract is now broken.
Alternatively `IEqualityComparer<T>` provides a safer interface and is used by collections or `Equals` could be made `virtual`.
This rule raises an issue when an unsealed, `public` or `protected` class implements `IEquatable<T>` and the `Equals` is neither `virtual` nor `abstract`.
=== Noncompliant code example
[source,csharp]
----
using System;
namespace MyLibrary
{
public class Base : IEquatable<Base> // Noncompliant
{
public bool Equals(Base other)
{
if (other == null) { return false; }
// do comparison of base properties
return true;
}
public override bool Equals(object other) => Equals(other as Base);
}
class A : Base
{
public bool Equals(A other)
{
if (other == null) { return false; }
// do comparison of A properties
return base.Equals(other);
}
public override bool Equals(object other) => Equals(other as A);
}
class B : Base
{
public bool Equals(B other)
{
if (other == null) { return false; }
// do comparison of B properties
return base.Equals(other);
}
public override bool Equals(object other) => Equals(other as B);
}
internal class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
A a = new A();
B b = new B();
Console.WriteLine(a.Equals(b)); // This calls the WRONG equals. This causes Base.Equals(Base)
// to be called which only compares the properties in Base and ignores the fact that
// a and b are different types. In the working example A.Equals(Object) would have been
// called and Equals would return false because it correctly recognizes that a and b are
// different types. If a and b have the same base properties they will be returned as equal.
}
}
}
----
=== Compliant solution
[source,csharp]
----
using System;
namespace MyLibrary
{
public sealed class Foo : IEquatable<Foo>
{
public bool Equals(Foo other)
{
// Your code here
}
}
}
----
== Resources
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms132151(v=vs.110).aspx[IEqualityComparer<T> Interface]
ifdef::env-github,rspecator-view[]
'''
== Implementation Specification
(visible only on this page)
=== Message
Seal class "XXX" or implement "IEqualityComparer<T>" instead.
=== Highlighting
Class declaration
'''
== Comments And Links
(visible only on this page)
=== on 21 Jun 2017, 11:26:00 Amaury Levé wrote:
We decided not to recommend sealing the class when implementing ``++Equals(object)++`` as it is possible for sub-classes to change the behavior. Besides, we also added an exception to the rule to say we don't report if the ``++Equals(T)++`` is ``++virtual++``.
endif::env-github,rspecator-view[]