rspec/rules/S1182/java/rule.adoc

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== Why is this an issue?
``++Cloneable++`` is the marker ``++Interface++`` that indicates that ``++clone()++`` may be called on an object. Overriding ``++clone()++`` without implementing ``++Cloneable++`` can be useful if you want to control how subclasses clone themselves, but otherwise, it's probably a mistake.
The usual convention for ``++Object.clone()++`` according to Oracle's Javadoc is:
. ``++x.clone() != x++``
. ``++x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()++``
. ``++x.clone().equals(x)++``
Obtaining the object that will be returned by calling ``++super.clone()++`` helps to satisfy those invariants:
. ``++super.clone()++`` returns a new object instance
. ``++super.clone()++`` returns an object of the same type as the one ``++clone()++`` was called on
. ``++Object.clone()++`` performs a shallow copy of the object's state
=== Noncompliant code example
[source,java]
----
class BaseClass { // Noncompliant; should implement Cloneable
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { // Noncompliant; should return the super.clone() instance
return new BaseClass();
}
}
class DerivedClass extends BaseClass implements Cloneable {
/* Does not override clone() */
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DerivedClass instance = new DerivedClass();
((DerivedClass) instance.clone()).sayHello(); // Throws a ClassCastException because invariant #2 is violated
}
}
----
=== Compliant solution
[source,java]
----
class BaseClass implements Cloneable {
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { // Compliant
return super.clone();
}
}
class DerivedClass extends BaseClass implements Cloneable {
/* Does not override clone() */
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DerivedClass instance = new DerivedClass();
((DerivedClass) instance.clone()).sayHello(); // Displays "Hello, world!" as expected. Invariant #2 is satisfied
}
}
----
== Resources
* https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/580[MITRE, CWE-580] - clone() Method Without super.clone()
* https://wiki.sei.cmu.edu/confluence/x/FjZGBQ[CERT, MET53-J.] - Ensure that the clone() method calls super.clone()
ifdef::env-github,rspecator-view[]
'''
== Implementation Specification
(visible only on this page)
include::message.adoc[]
'''
== Comments And Links
(visible only on this page)
include::comments-and-links.adoc[]
endif::env-github,rspecator-view[]